There are two data quirks worth calling out explicitly. The FY2024 income statement shows net income of $3.43B, while the FY2024 cash flow table lists net income of $3.78B; the difference suggests either timing, nonrecurring adjustments, or a data reconciliation in the aggregated sources. For analysis of cash generation and capital allocation we rely on the cash flow statement numbers—$8.96B free cash flow and $10.36B net cash provided by operating activities—because these better capture the company’s capacity to fund buybacks, dividends and strategic investment. All headline FY2024 line items cited here come from the company’s FY filings and the quarter transcript published with the reporting cycle.(See company filings and Q2 transcript.)

Income statement trend — 2021 through 2024 (key figures)#

Year	Revenue (USD)	Operating Income (USD)	Net Income (USD)	Operating Margin	Net Margin
2024	247.12B	9.42B	3.43B	3.81%	1.39%
2023	195.26B	8.54B	5.16B	4.37%	2.64%
2022	180.52B	8.45B	6.70B	4.68%	3.71%
2021	174.07B	7.94B	5.37B	4.56%	3.08%

(Income statement figures: company FY2024 filings and prior-year filings.)

This table underlines the central margin story: revenue has grown consistently, but operating and net margins contracted in 2024 as the business absorbed mix shifts, integration and PBM pricing headwinds. The three‑year revenue CAGR (2021–2024) stands at roughly +12.37%, consistent with the company’s multi‑year expansion of Evernorth and related services.

Balance sheet and cash flow — where the cushion comes from#

Cigna’s balance sheet remains capable of supporting capital returns while keeping leverage moderate. At year‑end 2024 total assets were $155.88B, total liabilities $114.64B, and total stockholders’ equity $41.03B. Total debt was reported at $31.97B with net debt $24.42B, producing a net debt/EBITDA multiple in the low‑to‑mid single digits depending on the EBITDA base used. Using FY2024 EBITDA of $11.45B, net debt/EBITDA calculates to +2.13x (24.42/11.45), while the dataset’s TTM metrics report a slightly higher +2.57x net‑debt/EBITDA—an example of differing trailing windows and TTM adjustments. Either way, leverage is within ranges typical for large diversified health insurers and leaves room for liquidity actions.

Metric	FY2024
Cash & equivalents	$7.55B
Free cash flow	$8.96B
Net cash from ops	$10.36B
Total debt	$31.97B
Net debt	$24.42B
Market cap (approx.)	$80.13B

(Principal balance sheet and cash flow figures: company FY2024 filings.)

On a market capitalization basis, FY2024 free cash flow of $8.96B implies a free‑cash‑flow yield near +11.18% (8.96 / 80.13), a large number that helps explain why management has both a sizable repurchase authorization and the ability to sustain the dividend (dividend per share TTM $5.82, dividend yield +1.94% on current price).

Strategic drivers: Evernorth growth, Medicare Advantage divestiture and capital allocation#

Evernorth is the company’s clear growth engine. The business scales PBM, specialty care management and digital services into fee‑oriented revenue streams that amplified top‑line growth in 2024. Evernorth’s revenue mix and contract wins have driven the revenue surge, but PBM economics remain a source of volatility: pass‑through versus spread arrangements, biosimilar adoption timing and pricing pressure from manufacturers and payers can compress near‑term margins even as nominal revenues increase. (Quarter commentary and industry coverage: Q2 transcript and industry press.)

A pivotal strategic move completed earlier in 2025 was the sale of the Medicare Advantage (MA) business to HCSC. That divestiture materially reduces Cigna’s exposure to MA‑specific utilization and regulatory volatility and freed capital that management has used to accelerate buybacks. The effect is twofold: a cleaner earnings base less exposed to MA cyclical risk, and incremental capacity for share repurchases that lift EPS mechanically. Monexa’s post‑deal analysis and securities filings confirm the transaction and its capital allocation consequences.(Monexa.ai and Provider Newsroom coverage.)

Management’s capital allocation in FY2024 and early FY2025 has been oriented to backing the dividend and repurchasing shares. The FY2024 cash flow statement shows $7.03B of common stock repurchased and $1.57B in dividends paid. With an authorization still available (reported program remaining roughly in the single‑digit billions in public coverage), the company has signaled it will use sale proceeds and operating cash flow to support returns.

Margin dynamics: why earnings fell despite revenue strength#

The contraction from a +4.37% operating margin in 2023 to +3.81% in 2024, and the sharper net margin decline from +2.64% to +1.39%, is the critical accounting story. The likely drivers are a combination of: higher cost of revenue mix (drug costs and specialty therapies), increased medical cost trend in certain book segments (exchange and commercial), and PBM pricing pressure where spread compression reduces gross take on high revenue volumes. Management has pointed to investments in automation and analytics intended to compress SG&A over time, but those benefits lag top‑line timing and contract cycles. The EBITDA margin remained in the mid‑4% range in 2024 (4.63%), meaning the cash profitability of the firm holds up better than GAAP net income suggests.

Execution credibility and quality of earnings: cash flow tells a different story#

Earnings quality assessment favors cash flow. While GAAP net income dropped steeply, net cash provided by operating activities was $10.36B and free cash flow was $8.96B—numbers that support dividend continuity, sizeable buybacks and targeted reinvestments. The divergence between GAAP net income and operating cash flow is sharper than usual, indicating that noncash items and working capital timing materially affected reported earnings. Investors should focus on FCF conversion and the trend in operating cash flow as higher‑quality indicators of the company’s ability to execute capital allocation plans.

Market and peer context: why the market is cautious#

The broader managed‑care group has been subject to margin repricing driven by PBM scrutiny, exchange plan cost volatility and tighter legislative/regulatory oversight of drug pricing and rebate mechanics. That industry backdrop means even solid growth can be heavily discounted if analysts see persistent margin risk. In Cigna’s case, the sale of MA reduces one specific arm of exposure, but Evernorth’s PBM exposure and exchange cost dynamics leave earnings visibility imperfect. Sell‑side price targets vary widely and the forward P/E multiples embedded in consensus reflect a range of outcomes: the dataset shows forward PE estimates running from 9.5x (2025) down to single‑digit multiples in out years depending on earnings trajectories.

What this means for investors — observable catalysts and watch‑points#

What matters next is whether revenue growth can convert into margin expansion and how management uses the balance sheet. Key, observable catalysts that would materially reduce market uncertainty are: consistent improvement in Evernorth operating margins over the next two quarters; PBM contract renewals that restore or stabilize spreads; and demonstrable buyback execution that meaningfully reduces share count without stressing credit metrics.

Investors should watch the following five data points closely: Evernorth adjusted operating income and margins reported in quarterly disclosures; PBM contract disclosures and commentary on pass‑through versus spread mix; exchange medical loss ratio and stop‑loss recovery sequencing; pace and funding of buybacks; and any legislative/regulatory developments materially changing PBM economics. Each of these will move the probability the market assigns to a re‑rating.

Risk checklist — where the downside could come from#

The principal risks that justify continued market caution are concrete. If PBM margins deteriorate persistently because of contracting spreads or lower rebate capture, the high revenue base will no longer buy earnings growth. If exchange and commercial medical trends worsen or stop‑loss recoveries are slower than expected, operating margins will compress further. Finally, any aggressive repurchase program funded by debt that materially weakens the balance sheet could remove the cushion FCF provides today. These are not hypothetical: they are the precise outcomes that have driven peer volatility across the sector in recent quarters.

Key takeaways#

Cigna’s FY2024 numbers reveal a company with accelerating revenue (+26.55%), troubled near‑term GAAP profitability (-33.53% net income), and strong cash generation (FCF $8.96B). The strategic sale of Medicare Advantage simplifies the earnings base and provided capital for buybacks; Evernorth remains the growth engine but also the primary source of margin uncertainty. Balance sheet metrics and cash flow allow the company to maintain shareholder returns, but the share price will likely remain sensitive to the cadence of Evernorth margin improvement and PBM contract outcomes.

What this means for investors: monitor free cash flow conversion, Evernorth adjusted margins and buyback cadence as the most reliable forward indicators of whether the market’s discount narrows. (Company filings, Q2 transcript and industry coverage cited below.)

Conclusion#

Cigna sits at the intersection of two durable trends: secular growth in fee‑based healthcare services through Evernorth and acute, sector‑level margin scrutiny driven by PBM economics and exchange trends. The FY2024 results make clear that revenue scale is real and that cash flow is robust, but they also show that GAAP earnings can be volatile while mix and contract economics re‑settle. The coming quarters will be decisive: sustained margin improvement at Evernorth, demonstrable PBM contract durability and disciplined capital deployment will materially reduce the uncertainty that currently discounts the stock. In the absence of those outcomes, the market is likely to continue valuing Cigna more on earnings risk than on top‑line momentum.

(Selected sources used in this analysis include the company’s FY2024 filings and Q2 earnings transcript, coverage of the Medicare Advantage divestiture and industry commentary: Investing India – Earnings call transcript: Cigna Q2 2025 beats estimates, Monexa – Cigna strategic overhaul and Medicare sale analysis, and healthcare industry reporting in FierceHealthcare and HealthcareDive.)